The network system is a complicated topic to understand. In a network data are transferring from one place to another by means of some layers, where some filtering and abstraction are taking place. The International organization of Standardization(ISO) introduced a conceptual reference model called Open System Interconnection (OSI), which explains how the data are transferring between two network device. The OSI layer consists of 7 layers.
Presentation Layer: The Presentaion layer convert the data sent by application layer by means of encryption, conversion, compression and charecter encoding. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems.
Session Layer: This layer establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications. Session support: performs the functions that allow these processes to communicate over the network, performing security, name recognition, logging, and so on.
Transport Layer: This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. It ensures complete data transfer.
Network Layer: The way that the data will be sent to the recipient device is determined in this layer. Logical protocols, routing and addressing are handled here.
Data Layer: Data layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. The MAC sub layer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. The LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.
Physical Layer: This layer conveys the bit stream - electrical impulse, light or radio signal — through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects.
Application Layer: This is the layer which communicate the end-users with operating system. The communication is by means of applications such as Mail, FTP etc.
Presentation Layer: The Presentaion layer convert the data sent by application layer by means of encryption, conversion, compression and charecter encoding. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems.
Session Layer: This layer establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications. Session support: performs the functions that allow these processes to communicate over the network, performing security, name recognition, logging, and so on.
Transport Layer: This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. It ensures complete data transfer.
Network Layer: The way that the data will be sent to the recipient device is determined in this layer. Logical protocols, routing and addressing are handled here.
Data Layer: Data layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. The MAC sub layer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. The LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.
Physical Layer: This layer conveys the bit stream - electrical impulse, light or radio signal — through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects.
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