The TCP/IP Reference Model is the advanced model of communication. This reference model is used current Internet architecture. TCP/IP model is based on standard protocols around which the Internet
has developed. It is a communication protocol, which allows connection
of hosts over a network.
Diagrammatic Comparison between OSI Reference Model and TCP/IP Reference Model
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Layer 1: Host-to-network Layer: Network Access Layer is the first layer of the four layer TCP/IP model. Network Access Layer
defines details of how data is physically sent through the network,
including how bits are electrically or optically signaled by hardware
devices that interface directly with a network medium, such as coaxial
cable, optical fiber, or twisted pair copper wire.
Layer 2: Internet layer: Internet Layer is the second layer of the four layer TCP/IP model. The position of Internet layer is between Network Access Layer and Transport layer. Internet layer pack data into data packets known as IP datagrams,
which contain source and destination address (logical address or IP
address) information that is used to forward the datagrams between hosts
and across networks. The Internet layer is also responsible for routing of IP datagrams.
Layer 3: Transport Layer: Transport Layer is the third layer of the four layer TCP/IP model. The position of the Transport layer is between Application layer and Internet layer. The purpose of Transport layer is to permit devices on the source and destination hosts to carry on a conversation. Transport layer defines the level of service and status of the connection used when transporting data.
Layer 4: Application Layer: Application layer is the top most layer of four layer TCP/IP model. Application layer is present on the top of the Transport layer. Application layer defines TCP/IP application protocols and how host programs interface with Transport layer services to use the network.
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